bin/backup-script

   1 #!/bin/bash
   2 #
   3 # backup-script system for cloning systems using rsync
   4 # Copyright (c)2008-2015 Alexander Barton <alex@barton.de>
   5 #
   6 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   9 # (at your option) any later version.
  10 # Please read the file COPYING, README and AUTHORS for more information.
  11 #
  12
  13 NAME=$(basename "$0")
  14 PIDFILE="/var/run/$NAME.pid"
  15
  16 DRYRUN=0
  17 VERBOSE=0
  18
  19 export LC_ALL=C
  20
  21 declare -i count_all=0
  22 declare -i count_started=0
  23 declare -i count_ok=0
  24 declare -i count_ok_vanished=0
  25
  26 destinations=""
  27
  28 # Default settings, can be overwritten in backup-script.conf:
  29 conf_d="/etc/backup-script.d"
  30 pre_exec=""
  31 post_exec=""
  32 default_source_root="/"
  33 default_target=""
  34 default_user="root"
  35 default_ssh_args_add=""
  36 default_rsync_args_add=""
  37 default_exclude_args_add=""
  38 default_compress=1
  39 default_ping=1
  40 default_local=0
  41 default_generations=0
  42 default_job_pre_exec=""
  43 default_job_post_exec=""
  44
  45 Usage() {
  46         echo "Usage: $NAME [<options>] [<system> [<system> [...]]]"
  47         echo
  48         echo "  -p, --progress    Show progress, see rsync(1)."
  49         echo "  -n, --dry-run     Test run only, don't copy any data."
  50         echo
  51         echo "When no <system> is given, all defined systems are used."
  52         echo
  53         exit 1
  54 }
  55
  56 CleanUp() {
  57         if [ -n "$post_exec" ]; then
  58                 echo "Executing \"$post_exec\" ..."
  59                 sh -c $post_exec
  60                 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  61                         echo "Warning: post-exec command failed!"
  62                 fi
  63                 echo
  64         fi
  65         rm -f "$PIDFILE"
  66 }
  67
  68 GotSignal() {
  69         echo
  70         echo "--> Got break signal, cleaning up & aborting ..."
  71         echo
  72         CleanUp
  73         echo -n "Aborted: "; date
  74         echo
  75         sleep 3
  76         exit 9
  77 }
  78
  79 ExecJob() {
  80         local what="$1"
  81         local cmd="$2"
  82
  83         echo "Running job ${what}-exec command ..."
  84         [ "$local" -eq 0 ] \
  85                 && cmd="$ssh_cmd ${user}@${system} $cmd"
  86         echo -n "Start date (${what}-exec): "; date
  87         echo "$cmd"
  88         if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ]; then
  89                 $SHELL -c "$cmd"; local ret=$?
  90         else
  91                 echo " *** Trial run, not executing ${what}-exec command!"
  92                 ret=0
  93         fi
  94         [ $ret -eq 0 ] \
  95                 && echo "The ${what}-exec command completed with status 0, OK." \
  96                 || echo "The ${what}-exec command completed with ERRORS, code $ret!"
  97         return $ret
  98 }
  99
 100 GetFS() {
 101         local dir="$1"
 102
 103         while [ -n "$dir" ]; do
 104                 findmnt -fn -o FSTYPE --raw "$dir" 2>/dev/null; local r=$?
 105                 if [ $r -eq 0 ]; then
 106                         return 0
 107                 elif [ $r -eq 127 ]; then
 108                         echo "UNKNOWN"
 109                         return 1
 110                 fi
 111                 dir=$(dirname "$dir") || return 1
 112         done
 113 }
 114
 115 CreateSubvolume() {
 116         local volume="$1"
 117         local fs
 118         local dir
 119
 120         dir=$(dirname "$volume")
 121         fs=$(GetFS "$dir")
 122         case "$fs" in
 123           "btrfs")
 124                 btrfs subvolume create "$volume"  >/dev/null || return 1
 125                 ;;
 126           "zfs")
 127                 zfs create "$(echo "$volume" | cut -c2-)" || return 1
 128                 ;;
 129           *)
 130                 echo "CreateSubvolume: Incompatible FS type \"$fs\" on \"$dir\"!"
 131                 return 9
 132         esac
 133         return 0
 134 }
 135
 136 CloneSubvolume() {
 137         local source="$1"
 138         local volume="$2"
 139         local snapshot="$3"
 140         local dir
 141         local fs
 142         local link_name
 143
 144         dir=$(dirname "source")
 145         fs=$(GetFS "$source")
 146         case "$fs" in
 147           "btrfs")
 148                 btrfs subvolume snapshot "$source" "$snapshot"  >/dev/null || return 1
 149                 ;;
 150           "zfs")
 151                 zfs snapshot "$snapshot" || return 1
 152                 link_name="$(echo "$snapshot" | cut -d@ -f2-)"
 153                 ln -s \
 154                         "$volume/.zfs/snapshot/$link_name" \
 155                         "$(dirname "$volume")/$link_name"
 156                 ;;
 157           *)
 158                 echo "CloneSubvolume: Incompatible FS type \"$fs\" on \"$source\"!"
 159                 return 9
 160         esac
 161         return 0
 162 }
 163
 164 RenameSubvolume() {
 165         local source="$1"
 166         local target="$2"
 167         local fs
 168
 169         fs=$(GetFS "$source")
 170         case "$fs" in
 171           "btrfs")
 172                 mv "$source" "$target" || return 1
 173                 ;;
 174           "zfs")
 175                 zfs rename \
 176                   "$(echo "$source" | cut -c2-)" \
 177                   "$(echo "$target" | cut -c2-)" \
 178                         || return 1
 179                 ;;
 180           *)
 181                 echo "RenameSubvolume: Incompatible FS type \"$fs\" on \"$source\"!"
 182                 return 9
 183         esac
 184         return 0
 185 }
 186
 187 DeleteSubvolume() {
 188         local volume="$1"
 189         local fs
 190         local id
 191         local snapshot
 192
 193         fs=$(GetFS "$volume")
 194         case "$fs" in
 195           "btrfs")
 196                 btrfs subvolume delete "$volume" >/dev/null || return 1
 197                 ;;
 198           "zfs")
 199                 id="$(basename "$volume")"
 200                 if [ -h "$volume" ]; then
 201                         snapshot="$(dirname "$volume")/current@$id"
 202                 else
 203                         snapshot="$volume"
 204                 fi
 205                 zfs destroy -r "$(echo "$snapshot" | cut -c2-)" >/dev/null || return 1
 206                 [ -h "$volume" ] && rm "$volume"
 207                 ;;
 208           *)
 209                 echo "DeleteSubvolume: Incompatible FS type \"$fs\" on \"$volume\"!"
 210                 return 9
 211         esac
 212         return 0
 213 }
 214
 215 Initialize_Last_SysTarget_Snapshot() {
 216         sys_target="$1"
 217         unset last
 218         unset snapshot
 219
 220         fs=$(GetFS "$sys_target")
 221         case "$fs" in
 222           "btrfs")
 223                 # Search directory of last generation, if any
 224                 last=$(ls -1d "$sys_target"/[0-9]* 2>/dev/null | sort -r | head -n1)
 225                 if [ -n "$last" ]; then
 226                         if [ ! -d "$last" ]; then
 227                                 echo "Last snapshot \"$last\" seems not to be a directory!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 228                                 echo
 229                                 return 1
 230                         fi
 231                 fi
 232                 sys_target="$sys_target/$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
 233                 snapshot="$sys_target"
 234                 ;;
 235           "zfs")
 236                 # On ZFS, the last generation is always named "current"
 237                 if [ -e "$sys_target/current" ]; then
 238                         last="$sys_target/current"
 239                         if [ "$(uname)" = "Linux" ]; then
 240                                 date=$(LC_ALL=C stat "$1" | grep "^Modify: " \
 241                                  | cut -d':' -f2- | cut -d. -f1)
 242                         else
 243                                 date=$(LC_ALL=C stat -f "%Sc" "$1")
 244                         fi
 245                         date=$(echo "$date" | sed -e's/^ //g' -e 's/[-:]//g' -e 's/ /-/g')
 246
 247                 else
 248                         last=""
 249                         date="$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
 250                 fi
 251                 snapshot="$(echo "$sys_target/current" | cut -c2-)@$date"
 252                 sys_target="$sys_target/current"
 253                 ;;
 254           *)
 255                 echo "Initialize_Last_SysTarget_Snapshot: Incompatible FS type \"$fs\" on \"$sys_target\"!"
 256                 return 1
 257         esac
 258         return 0
 259 }
 260
 261 while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
 262         case "$1" in
 263           "-n"|"--dry-run")
 264                 DRYRUN=1; shift
 265                 ;;
 266           "-p"|"--progress")
 267                 VERBOSE=1; shift
 268                 ;;
 269           "-"*)
 270                 Usage
 271                 ;;
 272           *)
 273                 break
 274         esac
 275 done
 276
 277 trap GotSignal SIGINT
 278
 279 echo -n "Started: "; date
 280
 281 for conf in "/etc/backup-script.conf" "${conf_d}/backup-script.conf"; do
 282         if [ -r "$conf" ]; then
 283                 echo "Reading configuration: \"$conf\" ..."
 284                 source "$conf"
 285         fi
 286 done
 287 echo
 288
 289 if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
 290         for s in "$@"; do
 291                 if [ ! -r "${conf_d}/$s" ]; then
 292                         echo "$NAME: Can' read \"${conf_d}/$s\"!"
 293                         exit 1
 294                 fi
 295                 sys="$sys ${conf_d}/$s"
 296         done
 297 else
 298         sys="${conf_d}/"*
 299 fi
 300
 301 # check and create PID file
 302 if [ -e "$PIDFILE" ]; then
 303         echo "Lockfile \"$PIDFILE\" already exists."
 304         echo "Is an other instance still running?"
 305         echo
 306         echo -n "Aborted: "; date
 307         echo
 308         exit 3
 309 fi
 310 touch "$PIDFILE" 2>/dev/null
 311 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 312         echo "Warning: can't create PID file \"$PIDFILE\"!"
 313         echo
 314 else
 315         echo "$$" >>"$PIDFILE"
 316 fi
 317
 318 if [ -n "$pre_exec" ]; then
 319         echo "Executing \"$pre_exec\" ..."
 320         sh -c $pre_exec
 321         if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 322                 echo "Error: pre-exec command failed!"; echo
 323                 CleanUp
 324                 echo "Aborting backup."; echo
 325                 exit 2
 326         fi
 327         sleep 2
 328         echo
 329 fi
 330
 331 for f in $sys; do
 332         [ -r "$f" -a -f "$f" ] || continue
 333
 334         fname=$(basename "$f")
 335         case "$fname" in
 336                 "backup-script.conf"|*.sh)
 337                         continue
 338                         ;;
 339         esac
 340
 341         # Set global defaults
 342         system="$fname"
 343         user="$default_user"
 344         source_root="$default_source_root"
 345         target="$default_target"
 346         ssh_args_add="$default_ssh_args_add"
 347         rsync_args_add="$default_rsync_args_add"
 348         exclude_args_add="$default_exclude_args_add"
 349         compress="$default_compress"
 350         ping="$default_ping"
 351         local="$default_local"
 352         generations="$default_generations"
 353         job_pre_exec="$default_job_pre_exec"
 354         job_post_exec="$default_job_post_exec"
 355
 356         # Compatibility with backup-pull(1) script: Save global values ...
 357         pre_exec_saved="$pre_exec"
 358         post_exec_saved="$post_exec"
 359
 360         # Compatibility with backup-pull(1) script: Set defaults
 361         unset host
 362         unset source
 363         unset pre_exec
 364         unset post_exec
 365
 366         # Read in system configuration file
 367         source "$f"
 368
 369         # Compatibility with backup-pull(1) script: Fix up configuration
 370         [ "$system" = "$fname" -a -n "$host" ] \
 371                 && system="$host"
 372         [ "$source_root" = "$default_source_root" -a -n "$source" ] \
 373                 && source_root="$source"
 374         [ -z "$job_pre_exec" -a -n "$pre_exec" ] \
 375                 && job_pre_exec="$pre_exec"
 376         [ -z "$job_post_exec" -a -n "$post_exec" ] \
 377                 && job_post_exec="$post_exec"
 378
 379         # Compatibility with backup-pull(1) script: Restore global values ...
 380         pre_exec="$pre_exec_saved"
 381         post_exec="$post_exec_saved"
 382
 383         # Validate configuration
 384         [ "$system" = "localhost" -o "$system" = "127.0.0.1" ] && local=1
 385
 386         # Make sure "source" ends with a slash ("/")
 387         case "$source" in
 388           "*/")
 389                 ;;
 390           "*")
 391                 source="$source/"
 392         esac
 393
 394         [ "$system" = "$fname" ] \
 395                 && systxt="\"$system\"" \
 396                 || systxt="\"$fname\" [\"$system\"]"
 397         [ "$local" -eq 0 ] \
 398                 && echo "Working on $systxt ..." \
 399                 || echo "Working on $systxt (local system) ..."
 400
 401         count_all=$count_all+1
 402
 403         # Check target directory
 404         if [ -z "$target" ]; then
 405                 echo "No target directory specified for \"$system\"!? Skipped!"
 406                 echo; continue
 407         fi
 408         if [ ! -d "$target" ]; then
 409                 echo "Target \"$target\" is not a directory!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 410                 echo; continue
 411         fi
 412
 413         sys_target="$target/$fname"
 414         sys_root="$sys_target"
 415         if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 -a ! -e "$sys_target" ]; then
 416                 if [ $generations -gt 0 ]; then
 417                         CreateSubvolume "$sys_target"
 418                 else
 419                         mkdir -p "$sys_target"
 420                 fi
 421                 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 422                         echo "Can't create \"$sys_target\"!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 423                         echo; continue
 424                 fi
 425         fi
 426
 427         if [ "$local" -eq 0 -a "$ping" -ne 0 ]; then
 428                 # Check if system is alive
 429                 ping -c 1 "$system" >/dev/null 2>&1
 430                 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 431                         echo "Host \"$system\" seems not to be alive!? Skipped."
 432                         echo; continue
 433                 fi
 434                 echo "OK, host \"$system\" seems to be alive."
 435         fi
 436
 437         if [ $generations -gt 0 ]; then
 438                 # Make sure no old backup is stored in system directory
 439                 if [ -e "$sys_target/.stamp" ]; then
 440                         # There seems to be a genearation-less backup in the
 441                         # target directory!
 442                         echo "Target directory \"$sys_target\" seems to be unclean!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 443                         echo; continue
 444                 fi
 445
 446                 Initialize_Last_SysTarget_Snapshot "$sys_target" || continue
 447
 448                 if [ -n "$last" -a ! -e "$last/.stamp" ]; then
 449                         # Old backup directory without "stamp file", continue
 450                         echo "Found incomplete snapshot in \"$last\", reusing and renaming it ..."
 451                         RenameSubvolume "$last" "$sys_target"
 452                         if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 453                                 echo "Failed to rename last snapshot \"$last\" to \"$sys_target\"!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 454                                 echo; continue
 455                         fi
 456                 elif [ -n "$last" ]; then
 457                         # Old backup directory found, create new snapshot
 458                         echo "Found last snapshot in \"$last\"."
 459                         if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ]; then
 460                                 CloneSubvolume "$last" "$sys_target" "$snapshot"; r=$?
 461                                 if [ $r -ne 0 ]; then
 462                                         echo "Can't create snapshot \"$snapshot\" of \"$last\", code $r!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 463                                         echo; continue
 464                                 fi
 465                                 echo "Created new snapshot in \"$snapshot\"."
 466                         else
 467                                 echo " *** Trial run, not creating new snapshot in \"$snapshot\"!"
 468                         fi
 469                 else
 470                         # No old backup found, create new subvolume
 471                         if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ]; then
 472                                 CreateSubvolume "$sys_target"; r=$?
 473                                 if [ $r -ne 0 ]; then
 474                                         echo "Can't create subvolume \"$sys_target\", code $r!? \"$system\" skipped!"
 475                                         echo; continue
 476                                 fi
 477                                 echo "Created new subvolume in \"$sys_target\"."
 478                         else
 479                                 echo " *** Trial run, not creating new subvolume \"$sys_target\"!"
 480                         fi
 481                 fi
 482         fi
 483
 484         ssh_cmd="ssh"
 485         [ -n "$ssh_args_add" ] && ssh_cmd="$ssh_cmd $ssh_args_add"
 486
 487         # execute job "pre-exec" command, if any
 488         if [ -n "$job_pre_exec" ]; then
 489                 ExecJob pre "$job_pre_exec" ; ret=$?
 490                 if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
 491                         [ $ret -ne 99 ] && count_started=$count_started+1
 492                         echo "Pre-exec command failed, \"$system\" skipped!"
 493                         echo; continue
 494                 fi
 495         fi
 496
 497         # prepare (remote) command ...
 498         cmd="rsync --archive"
 499         [ "$compress" -ne 0 ] && cmd="$cmd --compress"
 500         [ "$local" -eq 0 ] && cmd="$cmd --rsh=\"$ssh_cmd\""
 501         cmd="$cmd --delete --delete-excluded --sparse"
 502         [ "$VERBOSE" -gt 0 ] && cmd="$cmd --progress"
 503         if [ "$source_root" = "$default_source_root" ]; then
 504                 cmd="$cmd --exclude=/dev --exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys"
 505                 cmd="$cmd --exclude=/run --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/var/tmp"
 506                 cmd="$cmd --exclude=/media --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/net"
 507                 cmd="$cmd --exclude=/var/cache/apt --exclude=/var/log"
 508         fi
 509         [ -n "$exclude_args_add" ] && cmd="$cmd $exclude_args_add"
 510         [ -n "$rsync_args_add" ] && cmd="$cmd $rsync_args_add"
 511
 512         [ "$local" -eq 0 ] \
 513                 && cmd="$cmd ${user}@${system}:$source_root $sys_target/" \
 514                 || cmd="$cmd $source_root $sys_target/"
 515
 516         echo "Backing up to \"$sys_target\" ..."
 517         echo -n "Start date: "; date
 518         echo "$cmd"
 519         count_started=$count_started+1
 520         ok=0
 521
 522         if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ]; then
 523                 rm -f "$sys_target/.stamp"
 524                 $SHELL -c "$cmd"; ret=$?
 525                 echo "code=$ret" >"$sys_target/.stamp"
 526         else
 527                 echo " *** Trial run, not executing synchronization command!"
 528                 ret=0
 529         fi
 530
 531         if [ $ret -eq 20 ]; then
 532                 echo "Backup of \"$system\" interrupted. Aborting ..."
 533                 CleanUp
 534                 exit 1
 535         fi
 536
 537         echo -n "End date: "; date
 538         if [ $ret -eq 0 -o $ret -eq 24 ]; then
 539                 [ $ret -eq 24 ] && count_ok_vanished=$count_ok_vanished+1
 540
 541                 echo "System \"$system\" completed with status $ret, OK."
 542                 [ "$DRYRUN" -gt 0 ] || count_ok=$count_ok+1
 543                 ok=1
 544         else
 545                 echo "System \"$system\" completed with ERRORS, code $ret!"
 546         fi
 547
 548         # execute job "post-exec" command, if any
 549         if [ -n "$job_post_exec" ]; then
 550                 ExecJob post "$job_post_exec"
 551         fi
 552
 553         if [ $generations -gt 0 ]; then
 554                 # Update "latest" symlink
 555                 if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ]; then
 556                         rm -f "$sys_root/latest"
 557                         ln -s "$sys_target" "$sys_root/latest"
 558                 fi
 559                 # Clean up old generations
 560                 declare -i gen_count=$generations+2
 561                 to_delete=$(ls -1t "$sys_root" 2>/dev/null | tail -n+$gen_count | sort)
 562                 if [ -n "$to_delete" -a $ok -eq 1 ]; then
 563                         [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ] \
 564                                 && echo "Deleting old backup generations (keep $generations) ..." \
 565                                 || echo " *** Trial run, not deleting old generations:"
 566                         for delete in $to_delete; do
 567                                 dir="$sys_root/$delete"
 568                                 if [ ! -e "$dir/.stamp" ]; then
 569                                         echo "Not deleting \"$dir\", not a backup directory!?"
 570                                         continue
 571                                 fi
 572                                 last=$(stat "$dir/.stamp" 2>/dev/null | grep "^Modify: " \
 573                                  | cut -d':' -f2- | cut -d. -f1)
 574                                 echo "Removing backup from" $last "..."
 575                                 if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 ]; then
 576                                         DeleteSubvolume "$dir"
 577                                         [ $? -eq 0 ] || \
 578                                           echo "Failed to delete \"$dir\"!"
 579                                 fi
 580                         done
 581                         echo -n "Clean up finished: "; date
 582                 elif [ -n "$to_delete" ]; then
 583                         echo "There have been errors, not cleaning up old generations!"
 584                 else
 585                         echo "Nothing to clean up."
 586                 fi
 587         fi
 588
 589         destinations="$destinations $target"
 590         echo
 591 done
 592
 593 sync
 594
 595 paths=$( echo $destinations | sed -e 's/ /\n/g' | sort | uniq )
 596 if [ "$DRYRUN" -eq 0 -a -n "$paths" ]; then
 597         df -h $paths
 598         echo
 599 fi
 600
 601 CleanUp
 602
 603 echo -n "Done: "; date
 604 echo
 605 [ $count_all -eq 1 ] && s="" || s="s"
 606 echo " - $count_all job$s defined,"
 607 [ $count_started -eq 1 ] && s="" || s="s"
 608 echo " - $count_started job$s started,"
 609 echo " - $count_ok done without errors."
 610 echo
 611
 612 if [ $count_started -ne $count_ok ]; then
 613         echo "----->  THERE HAVE BEEN ERRORS!  <-----"
 614         echo
 615 fi
 616
 617 # -eof-