1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <refentry id="afp.conf.5">
4 <refentrytitle>afp.conf</refentrytitle>
6 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
8 <refmiscinfo class="date">30 Apr 2013</refmiscinfo>
10 <refmiscinfo class="source">@NETATALK_VERSION@</refmiscinfo>
14 <refname>afp.conf</refname>
16 <refpurpose>Netatalk configuration file <indexterm>
17 <primary>afp.conf</primary>
18 </indexterm></refpurpose>
22 <title>SYNOPSIS</title>
24 <para>The <filename>afp.conf</filename> file is the configuration file for
25 the <emphasis role="bold">Netatalk</emphasis> AFP file server.</para>
27 <para>All AFP specific configuration and AFP volume definitions are done
31 <refsect1 id="FILEFORMATSECT">
32 <title>FILE FORMAT</title>
34 <para>The file consists of sections and parameters. A section begins with
35 the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the next
36 section begins. Sections contain parameters of the form: <programlisting>
37 <replaceable>name</replaceable> = <replaceable>value </replaceable>
38 </programlisting></para>
40 <para>The file is line-based - that is, each newline-terminated line
41 represents either a comment, a section name or a parameter.</para>
43 <para>Section and parameter names are case sensitive.</para>
45 <para>Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace
46 before or after the first equals sign is discarded. Leading, trailing and
47 internal whitespace in section and parameter names is irrelevant. Leading
48 and trailing whitespace in a parameter value is discarded. Internal
49 whitespace within a parameter value is retained verbatim.</para>
51 <para>Any line beginning with a semicolon (<quote>;</quote>) or a hash
52 (<quote>#</quote>) character is ignored, as are lines containing only
55 <para>Any line ending in a <quote> <literal>\</literal> </quote> is
56 continued on the next line in the customary UNIX fashion.</para>
58 <para>The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a
59 string (no quotes needed) or a boolean, which may be given as yes/no, 1/0
60 or true/false. Case is not significant in boolean values, but is preserved
61 in string values. Some items such as create masks are numeric.</para>
63 <para>The parameter <option>include =
64 <replaceable>path</replaceable></option> allows you to include one config
65 file inside another. The file is included literally, as though typed in
66 place. Nested includes are not supported.</para>
70 <title>SECTION DESCRIPTIONS</title>
72 <para>Each section in the configuration file (except for the [Global]
73 section) describes a shared resource (known as a <quote>volume</quote>).
74 The section name is the name of the volume and the parameters within the
75 section define the volume attributes and options.</para>
77 <para>There are two special sections, [Global] and [Homes], which are
78 described under <emphasis>special sections</emphasis>. The following notes
79 apply to ordinary section descriptions.</para>
81 <para>A volume consists of a directory to which access is being given plus
82 a description of the access rights which are granted to the user of the
83 service. For volumes the <option>path</option> option must specify the
84 directory to share.</para>
86 <para>Any volume section without <option>path</option> option is
87 considered a <emphasis>vol preset</emphasis> which can be selected in
88 other volume sections via the <option>vol preset</option> option and
89 constitutes defaults for the volume. For any option specified both in a
90 preset <emphasis>and</emphasis> in a volume section the volume section
91 setting completely substitutes the preset option.</para>
93 <para>The access rights granted by the server are masked by the access
94 rights granted to the specified or guest UNIX user by the host system. The
95 server does not grant more access than the host system grants.</para>
97 <para>The following sample section defines an AFP volume. The user has
98 full access to the path <filename>/foo/bar</filename>. The share is
99 accessed via the share name <literal>baz</literal>: <programlisting> [baz]
100 path = /foo/bar </programlisting></para>
104 <title>SPECIAL SECTIONS</title>
107 <title>The [Global] section</title>
109 <para>Parameters in this section apply to the server as a whole.
110 Parameters denoted by a (G) below are must be set in this
115 <title>The [Homes] section</title>
117 <para>This section enable sharing of the UNIX server user home
118 directories. Specifying an optional <option>path</option> parameter
119 means that not the whole user home will be shared but the subdirectory
120 <option>path</option>. It is necessary to define the <option>basedir
121 regex</option> option. It should be a regex which matches the parent
122 directory of the user homes. Parameters denoted by a (H) belong to
123 volume sections. The optional parameter <option>home name</option> can
124 be used to change the AFP volume name which <emphasis>$u's
125 home</emphasis> by default. See below under VARIABLE
126 SUBSTITUTIONS.</para>
128 <para>The following example illustrates this. Given all user home
129 directories are stored under <filename>/home</filename>:
130 <programlisting> [Homes]
132 basedir regex = /home</programlisting> For a user
133 <emphasis>john</emphasis> this results in an AFP home volume with a path
134 of <filename>/home/john/afp-data</filename>.</para>
136 <para>If <option>basedir regex</option> contains symlink, set the
137 canonicalized absolute path. When <filename>/home</filename> links to
138 <filename>/usr/home</filename>: <programlisting> [Homes]
139 basedir regex = /usr/home</programlisting></para>
144 <title>PARAMETERS</title>
146 <para>Parameters define the specific attributes of sections.</para>
148 <para>Some parameters are specific to the [Global] section (e.g.,
149 <emphasis>log type</emphasis>). All others are permissible only in volume
150 sections. The letter <emphasis>G</emphasis> in parentheses indicates that
151 a parameter is specific to the [Global] section. The letter
152 <emphasis>V</emphasis> indicates that a parameter can be specified in a
153 volume specific section.</para>
157 <title>VARIABLE SUBSTITUTIONS</title>
159 <para>You can use variables in volume names. The use of variables in paths
160 is not supported for now.</para>
164 <para>if you specify an unknown variable, it will not get
169 <para>if you specify a known variable, but that variable doesn't have
170 a value, it will get ignored.</para>
174 <para>The variables which can be used for substitutions are:</para>
181 <para>basename</para>
189 <para>client's ip address</para>
197 <para>volume pathname on server</para>
205 <para>full name (contents of the gecos field in the passwd
214 <para>group name</para>
222 <para>hostname</para>
230 <para>client's ip, without port</para>
238 <para>server name (this can be the hostname)</para>
246 <para>user name (if guest, it is the user that guest is running
255 <para>volume name</para>
263 <para>prints dollar sign ($)</para>
270 <title>EXPLANATION OF GLOBAL PARAMETERS</title>
273 <title>Authentication Options</title>
277 <term>ad domain = <parameter>DOMAIN</parameter>
278 <type>(G)</type></term>
281 <para>Append @DOMAIN to username when authenticating. Useful in
282 Active Directory environments that otherwise would require the
283 user to enter the full user@domain string.</para>
288 <term>admin auth user = <parameter>user</parameter>
289 <type>(G)</type></term>
292 <para>Specifying eg "<option>admin auth user = root</option>"
293 whenever a normal user login fails, afpd will try to authenticate
294 as the specified <option>admin auth user</option>. If this
295 succeeds, a normal session is created for the original connecting
296 user. Said differently: if you know the password of <option>admin
297 auth user</option>, you can authenticate as any other user.</para>
302 <term>k5 keytab = <replaceable>path</replaceable>
303 <type>(G)</type></term>
305 <term>k5 service = <replaceable>service</replaceable>
306 <type>(G)</type></term>
308 <term>k5 realm = <replaceable>realm</replaceable>
309 <type>(G)</type></term>
312 <para>These are required if the server supports the Kerberos 5
313 authentication UAM.</para>
318 <term>nt domain = <parameter>DOMAIN</parameter>
319 <type>(G)</type></term>
321 <term>nt separator = <parameter>SEPARATOR</parameter>
322 <type>(G)</type></term>
325 <para>Use for eg. winbind authentication, prepends both strings
326 before the username from login and then tries to authenticate with
327 the result through the available and active UAM authentication
333 <term>save password = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
334 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
337 <para>Enables or disables the ability of clients to save passwords
343 <term>set password = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
344 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
347 <para>Enables or disables the ability of clients to change their
348 passwords via chooser or the "connect to server" dialog.</para>
353 <term>uam list = <replaceable>uam list</replaceable>
354 <type>(G)</type></term>
357 <para>Space or comma separated list of UAMs. (The default is
358 "uams_dhx.so uams_dhx2.so").</para>
360 <para>The most commonly used UAMs are:</para>
364 <term>uams_guest.so</term>
367 <para>allows guest logins</para>
372 <term>uams_clrtxt.so</term>
375 <para>(uams_pam.so or uams_passwd.so) Allow logins with
376 passwords transmitted in the clear. (legacy)</para>
381 <term>uams_randum.so</term>
384 <para>allows Random Number and Two-Way Random Number
385 Exchange for authentication (requires a separate file
386 containing the passwords, either @pkgconfdir@/afppasswd file or
387 the one specified via "<option>passwd file</option>". See
389 <refentrytitle>afppasswd</refentrytitle>
391 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
392 </citerefentry> for details. (legacy)</para>
397 <term>uams_dhx.so</term>
400 <para>(uams_dhx_pam.so or uams_dhx_passwd.so) Allow
401 Diffie-Hellman eXchange (DHX) for authentication.</para>
406 <term>uams_dhx2.so</term>
409 <para>(uams_dhx2_pam.so or uams_dhx2_passwd.so) Allow
410 Diffie-Hellman eXchange 2 (DHX2) for authentication.</para>
415 <term>uam_gss.so</term>
418 <para>Allow Kerberos V for authentication (optional)</para>
426 <term>uam path = <replaceable>path</replaceable>
427 <type>(G)</type></term>
430 <para>Sets the default path for UAMs for this server (default is
431 @libdir@/netatalk).</para>
438 <title>Charset Options</title>
440 <para>With OS X Apple introduced the AFP3 protocol. One of the big
441 changes was, that AFP3 uses Unicode names encoded as Decomposed UTF-8
442 (UTF8-MAC). Previous AFP/OS versions used charsets like MacRoman,
443 MacCentralEurope, etc.</para>
445 <para>To be able to serve AFP3 and older clients at the same time,
446 <command>afpd</command> needs to be able to convert between UTF-8 and
447 Mac charsets. Even OS X clients partly still rely on the mac charset. As
448 there's no way, <command>afpd</command> can detect the codepage a pre
449 AFP3 client uses, you have to specify it using the <option>mac
450 charset</option> option. The default is MacRoman, which should be fine
451 for most western users.</para>
453 <para>As <command>afpd</command> needs to interact with UNIX operating
454 system as well, it need's to be able to convert from UTF8-MAC / Mac
455 charset to the UNIX charset. By default <command>afpd</command> uses
456 <emphasis>UTF8</emphasis>. You can set the UNIX charset using the
457 <option>unix charset</option> option. If you're using extended
458 characters in the configuration files for <command>afpd</command>, make
459 sure your terminal matches the <option>unix charset</option>.</para>
463 <term>mac charset = <parameter>CHARSET</parameter>
464 <type>(G)/(V)</type></term>
467 <para>Specifies the Mac clients charset, e.g.
468 <emphasis>MAC_ROMAN</emphasis>. This is used to convert strings
469 and filenames to the clients codepage for OS9 and Classic, i.e.
470 for authentication and AFP messages (SIGUSR2 messaging). This will
471 also be the default for the volumes <option>mac charset</option>.
472 Defaults to <emphasis>MAC_ROMAN</emphasis>.</para>
477 <term>unix charset = <parameter>CHARSET</parameter>
478 <type>(G)</type></term>
481 <para>Specifies the servers unix charset, e.g.
482 <emphasis>ISO-8859-15</emphasis> or <emphasis>EUC-JP</emphasis>.
483 This is used to convert strings to/from the systems locale, e.g.
484 for authentication, server messages and volume names. If
485 <emphasis>LOCALE</emphasis> is set, the systems locale is used.
486 Defaults to <emphasis>UTF8</emphasis>.</para>
491 <term>vol charset = <parameter>CHARSET</parameter>
492 <type>(G)/(V)</type></term>
495 <para>Specifies the encoding of the volumes filesystem. By
496 default, it is the same as <option>unix charset</option>.</para>
503 <title>Password Options</title>
507 <term>passwd file = <parameter>path</parameter>
508 <type>(G)</type></term>
511 <para>Sets the path to the Randnum UAM passwd file for this server
512 (default is @pkgconfdir@/afppasswd).</para>
517 <term>passwd minlen = <parameter>number</parameter>
518 <type>(G)</type></term>
521 <para>Sets the minimum password length, if supported by the
529 <title>Network Options</title>
533 <term>advertise ssh = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
534 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
537 <para>Allows old Mac OS X clients (10.3.3-10.4) to automagically
538 establish a tunneled AFP connection through SSH. If this option is
539 set, the server's answers to client's FPGetSrvrInfo requests
540 contain an additional entry. It depends on both client's settings
541 and a correctly configured and running <citerefentry>
542 <refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle>
544 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
545 </citerefentry> on the server to let things work.</para>
548 <para>Setting this option is not recommended since globally
549 encrypting AFP connections via SSH will increase the server's
550 load significantly. On the other hand, Apple's client side
551 implementation of this feature in MacOS X versions prior to
552 10.3.4 contained a security flaw.</para>
558 <term>afp interfaces = <replaceable>name [name ...]</replaceable>
559 <type>(G)</type></term>
561 <para>Specifies the network interfaces that the server should
562 listens on. The default is advertise the first IP address of the
563 system, but to listen for any incoming request.</para>
568 <term>afp listen = <replaceable>ip address[:port] [ip address[:port]
569 ...]</replaceable> <type>(G)</type></term>
572 <para>Specifies the IP address that the server should advertise
573 <emphasis role="bold">and</emphasis> listens to. The default is
574 advertise the first IP address of the system, but to listen for
575 any incoming request. The network address may be specified either
576 in dotted-decimal format for IPv4 or in hexadecimal format for
578 <para>IPv6 address + port combination must use URL the format
579 using square brackets [IPv6]:port</para>
584 <term>afp port = <replaceable>port number</replaceable>
585 <type>(G)</type></term>
588 <para>Allows a different TCP port to be used for AFP. The default
589 is 548. Also sets the default port applied when none specified in
590 an <option>afp listen</option> option.</para>
595 <term>cnid listen = <replaceable>ip address[:port] [ip
596 address[:port] ...]</replaceable> <type>(G)</type></term>
599 <para>Specifies the IP address that the CNID server should listen
600 on. The default is <emphasis
601 role="bold">localhost:4700</emphasis>.</para>
606 <term>disconnect time = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
607 <type>(G)</type></term>
610 <para>Keep disconnected AFP sessions for
611 <parameter>number</parameter> hours before dropping them. Default
617 <term>dsireadbuf = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
618 <type>(G)</type></term>
621 <para>Scale factor that determines the size of the DSI/TCP
622 readahead buffer, default is 12. This is multiplies with the DSI
623 server quantum (default ~300k) to give the size of the buffer.
624 Increasing this value might increase throughput in fast local
625 networks for volume to volume copies. <emphasis>Note</emphasis>:
626 This buffer is allocated per afpd child process, so specifying
627 large values will eat up large amount of memory (buffer size *
628 number of clients).</para>
633 <term>fqdn = <replaceable>name:port</replaceable>
634 <type>(G)</type></term>
637 <para>Specifies a fully-qualified domain name, with an optional
638 port. This is discarded if the server cannot resolve it. This
639 option is not honored by AppleShare clients <= 3.8.3. This
640 option is disabled by default. Use with caution as this will
641 involve a second name resolution step on the client side. Also
642 note that afpd will advertise this name:port combination but not
643 automatically listen to it.</para>
648 <term>hostname = <replaceable>name</replaceable>
649 <type>(G)</type></term>
652 <para>Use this instead of the result from calling hostname for
653 determining which IP address to advertise, therefore the hostname
654 is resolved to an IP which is the advertised. This is NOT used for
655 listening and it is also overwritten by <option>afp
656 listen</option>.</para>
661 <term>max connections = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
662 <type>(G)</type></term>
665 <para>Sets the maximum number of clients that can simultaneously
666 connect to the server (default is 200).</para>
671 <term>server quantum = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
672 <type>(G)</type></term>
675 <para>This specifies the DSI server quantum. The default value is
676 1 MB. The maximum value is 0xFFFFFFFFF, the minimum is 32000. If
677 you specify a value that is out of range, the default value will
678 be set. Do not change this value unless you're absolutely sure,
679 what you're doing</para>
684 <term>sleep time = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
685 <type>(G)</type></term>
688 <para>Keep sleeping AFP sessions for <parameter>number</parameter>
689 hours before disconnecting clients in sleep mode. Default is 10
695 <term>tcprcvbuf = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
696 <type>(G)</type></term>
699 <para>Try to set TCP receive buffer using setsockpt(). Often OSes
700 impose restrictions on the applications ability to set this
706 <term>tcpsndbuf = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
707 <type>(G)</type></term>
710 <para>Try to set TCP send buffer using setsockpt(). Often OSes
711 impose restrictions on the applications ability to set this
717 <term>use sendfile = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
718 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
721 <para>Whether to use sendfile<indexterm>
722 <primary>sendfile</primary>
723 </indexterm> syscall for sending file data to clients.</para>
728 <term>zeroconf = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
729 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
732 <para>Whether to use automatic Zeroconf<indexterm>
733 <primary>Zeroconf</primary>
735 <secondary>Bonjour</secondary>
736 </indexterm> service registration if Avahi or mDNSResponder were
744 <title>Miscellaneous Options</title>
748 <term>admin group = <replaceable>group</replaceable>
749 <type>(G)</type></term>
752 <para>Allows users of a certain group to be seen as the superuser
753 when they log in. This option is disabled by default.</para>
758 <term>afp read locks = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
759 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
762 <para>Whether to apply locks to the byte region read in FPRead
763 calls. The AFP spec mandates this, but it's not really in line
764 with UNIX semantics and is a performance hug.</para>
769 <term>afpstats = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
770 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
773 <para>Whether to provide AFP runtime statistics (connected
774 users, open volumes) via dbus.</para>
779 <term>basedir regex = <replaceable>regex</replaceable>
780 <type>(H)</type></term>
783 <para>Regular expression which matches the parent directory of the
784 user homes. If <option>basedir regex</option> contains symlink,
785 you must set the canonicalized absolute path. In the simple case
786 this is just a path ie <option>basedir regex =
787 /home</option></para>
792 <term>close vol = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
793 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
796 <para>Whether to close volumes possibly opened by clients when
797 they're removed from the configuration and the configuration is
803 <term>cnid server = <replaceable>ipaddress[:port]</replaceable>
804 <type>(G)/(V)</type></term>
807 <para>Specifies the IP address and port of a cnid_metad server,
808 required for CNID dbd backend. Defaults to localhost:4700. The
809 network address may be specified either in dotted-decimal format
810 for IPv4 or in hexadecimal format for IPv6.-</para>
815 <term>dircachesize = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
816 <type>(G)</type></term>
819 <para>Maximum possible entries in the directory cache. The cache
820 stores directories and files. It is used to cache the full path to
821 directories and CNIDs which considerably speeds up directory
824 <para>Default size is 8192, maximum size is 131072. Given value is
825 rounded up to nearest power of 2. Each entry takes about 100
826 bytes, which is not much, but remember that every afpd child
827 process for every connected user has its cache.</para>
832 <term>extmap file = <parameter>path</parameter>
833 <type>(G)</type></term>
836 <para>Sets the path to the file which defines file extension
837 type/creator mappings. (default is @pkgconfdir@/extmap.conf).</para>
842 <term>guest account = <replaceable>name</replaceable>
843 <type>(G)</type></term>
846 <para>Specifies the user that guests should use (default is
847 "nobody"). The name should be quoted.</para>
852 <term>home name = <replaceable>name</replaceable>
853 <type>(H)</type></term>
856 <para>AFP user home volume name. The default is <emphasis>user's
857 home</emphasis>.</para>
862 <term>login message = <replaceable>message</replaceable>
863 <type>(G)/(V)</type></term>
866 <para>Sets a message to be displayed when clients logon to the
867 server. The message should be in <option>unix charset</option> and
868 should be quoted. Extended characters are allowed.</para>
873 <term>ignored attributes = <replaceable>all | nowrite | nodelete | norename</replaceable>
874 <type>(G)/(V)</type></term>
877 <para>Speficy a set of file and directory attributes that shall
878 be ignored by the server, <attribute>all</attribute> includes all
879 the other options.</para>
880 <para>In OS X when the Finder sets a lock on a file/directory or you
881 set the BSD uchg flag in the Terminal, all three attributes are
882 used. Thus in order to ignore the Finder lock/BSD uchg flag, add
883 set <emphasis>ignored attributes = all</emphasis>.</para>
888 <term>mimic model = <replaceable>model</replaceable>
889 <type>(G)</type></term>
892 <para>Specifies the icon model that appears on clients. Defaults
893 to off. Note that afpd must support Zeroconf.
894 Examples: RackMac (same as Xserve), PowerBook, PowerMac,
895 Macmini, iMac, MacBook, MacBookPro, MacBookAir, MacPro,
896 AppleTV1,1, AirPort.</para>
901 <term>signature = <text> <type>(G)</type></term>
904 <para>Specify a server signature. The maximum length is 16
905 characters. This option is useful for clustered environments, to
906 provide fault isolation etc. By default, afpd generate signature
908 <filename>@localstatedir@/netatalk/afp_signature.conf</filename>
909 automatically (based on random number). See also
910 asip-status.pl(1).</para>
915 <term>solaris share reservations =
916 <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
917 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
920 <para>Use share reservations on Solaris. Solaris CIFS server uses
921 this too, so this makes a lock coherent multi protocol
927 <term>vol dbpath = <replaceable>path</replaceable>
928 <type>(G)</type></term>
931 <para>Sets the database information to be stored in path. You have
932 to specify a writable location, even if the volume is read only.
934 <filename>@localstatedir@/netatalk/CNID/</filename>.</para>
939 <term>volnamelen = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
940 <type>(G)</type></term>
943 <para>Max length of UTF8-MAC volume name for Mac OS X. Note that
944 Hangul is especially sensitive to this.</para>
946 <para><programlisting> 73: limit of Mac OS X 10.1 80: limit of Mac
947 OS X 10.4/10.5 (default) 255: limit of recent Mac OS
948 X</programlisting> Mac OS 9 and earlier are not influenced by
949 this, because Maccharset volume name is always limited to 27
955 <term>vol preset = <replaceable>name</replaceable>
956 <type>(G)/(V)</type></term>
959 <para>Use section <option>name</option> as option preset for all
960 volumes (when set in the [Global] section) or for one volume (when
961 set in that volume's section).</para>
968 <title>Logging Options</title>
972 <term>log file = <replaceable>logfile</replaceable>
973 <type>(G)</type></term>
976 <para>If not specified Netatalk logs to syslogs daemon facility.
977 Otherwise it logs to <option>logfile</option>.</para>
982 <term>log level = <replaceable>type:level [type:level
983 ...]</replaceable> <type>(G)</type></term>
985 <term>log level = <replaceable>type:level,[type:level,
986 ...]</replaceable> <type>(G)</type></term>
989 <para>Specify that any message of a loglevel up to the given
990 <option>log level</option> should be logged.</para>
992 <para>By default afpd logs to syslog with a default logging setup
993 equivalent to <option>default:note</option></para>
995 <para>logtypes: default, afpdaemon, logger, uamsdaemon</para>
997 <para>loglevels: severe, error, warn, note, info, debug, debug6,
998 debug7, debug8, debug9, maxdebug</para>
1001 <para>Both logtype and loglevels are case insensitive.</para>
1008 <refsect2 id="fceconf">
1009 <title>Filesystem Change Events (FCE<indexterm>
1010 <primary>FCE</primary>
1011 </indexterm>)</title>
1013 <para>Netatalk includes a nifty filesystem change event mechanism where
1014 afpd processes notify interested listeners about certain filesystem
1015 event by UDP network datagrams.</para>
1019 <term>fce listener = <replaceable>host[:port]</replaceable>
1020 <type>(G)</type></term>
1023 <para>Enables sending FCE events to the specified
1024 <parameter>host</parameter>, default <parameter>port</parameter>
1025 is 12250 if not specified. Specifying multiple listeners is done
1026 by having this option once for each of them.</para>
1032 <replaceable>fmod,fdel,ddel,fcre,dcre,tmsz</replaceable>
1033 <type>(G)</type></term>
1036 <para>Specifies which FCE events are active, default is
1037 <parameter>fmod,fdel,ddel,fcre,dcre</parameter>.</para>
1042 <term>fce coalesce = <replaceable>all|delete|create</replaceable>
1043 <type>(G)</type></term>
1046 <para>Coalesce FCE events.</para>
1051 <term>fce holdfmod = <replaceable>seconds</replaceable>
1052 <type>(G)</type></term>
1055 <para>This determines the time delay in seconds which is always
1056 waited if another file modification for the same file is done by a
1057 client before sending an FCE file modification event (fmod). For
1058 example saving a file in Photoshop would generate multiple events
1059 by itself because the application is opening, modifying and
1060 closing a file multiple times for every "save". Default: 60
1068 <title>Debug Parameters</title>
1070 <para>These options are useful for debugging only.</para>
1074 <term>tickleval = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
1075 <type>(G)</type></term>
1078 <para>Sets the tickle timeout interval (in seconds). Defaults to
1084 <term>timeout = <replaceable>number</replaceable>
1085 <type>(G)</type></term>
1088 <para>Specify the number of tickles to send before timing out a
1089 connection. The default is 4, therefore a connection will timeout
1090 after 2 minutes.</para>
1095 <term>client polling = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1096 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(G)</type></term>
1099 <para>With this option enabled, afpd won't advertise that it is
1100 capable of server notifications, so that connected clients poll
1101 the server every 10 seconds to detect changes in opened server
1102 windows. <emphasis>Note</emphasis>: Depending on the number of
1103 simultaneously connected clients and the network's speed, this can
1104 lead to a significant higher load on your network!</para>
1106 <para>Do not use this option any longer as present Netatalk
1107 correctly supports server notifications, allowing connected
1108 clients to update folder listings in case another client changed
1109 the contents.</para>
1115 <refsect2 id="acl_options">
1116 <title>Options for ACL handling</title>
1118 <para>By default, the effective permission of the authenticated user are
1119 only mapped to the mentioned UARights permission structure, not the UNIX
1120 mode. You can adjust this behaviour with the configuration option
1121 <option>mac acls</option>:</para>
1123 <variablelist id="mac_acls">
1125 <term>map acls = <parameter>none|rights|mode</parameter>
1126 <type>(G)</type></term>
1129 <para><variablelist>
1134 <para>no mapping of ACLs </para>
1142 <para>effective permissions are mapped to UARights
1143 structure. This is the default.</para>
1151 <para>ACLs are additionally mapped to the UNIX mode of the
1152 filesystem object.</para>
1155 </variablelist></para>
1160 <para>If you want to be able to display ACLs on the client, you must
1161 setup both client and server as part on a authentication domain
1162 (directory service, eg LDAP, Open Directory, Active Directory). The
1163 reason is, in OS X ACLs are bound to UUIDs, not just uid's or gid's.
1164 Therefor Netatalk must be able to map every filesystem uid and gid to a
1165 UUID so that it can return the server side ACLs which are bound to UNIX
1166 uid and gid mapped to OS X UUIDs.</para>
1168 <para>Netatalk can query a directory server using LDAP queries. Either
1169 the directory server already provides an UUID attribute for user and
1170 groups (Active Directory, Open Directory) or you reuse an unused
1171 attribute (or add a new one) to you directory server (eg
1174 <para>The following LDAP options must be configured for Netatalk:</para>
1178 <term>ldap auth method = <parameter>none|simple|sasl</parameter>
1179 <type>(G)</type></term>
1182 <para>Authentication method: <option>none | simple |
1183 sasl</option></para>
1185 <para><variablelist>
1190 <para>anonymous LDAP bind</para>
1198 <para>simple LDAP bind</para>
1206 <para>SASL. Not yet supported !</para>
1209 </variablelist></para>
1214 <term>ldap auth dn = <parameter>dn</parameter>
1215 <type>(G)</type></term>
1218 <para>Distinguished Name of the user for simple bind.</para>
1223 <term>ldap auth pw = <parameter>password</parameter>
1224 <type>(G)</type></term>
1227 <para>Distinguished Name of the user for simple bind.</para>
1232 <term>ldap server = <parameter>host</parameter>
1233 <type>(G)</type></term>
1236 <para>Name or IP address of your LDAP Server. This is only needed
1237 for explicit ACL support in order to be able to query LDAP for
1240 <para>You can use <citerefentry>
1241 <refentrytitle>afpldaptest</refentrytitle>
1243 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
1244 </citerefentry> to syntactically check your config.</para>
1249 <term>ldap userbase = <parameter>base dn</parameter>
1250 <type>(G)</type></term>
1253 <para>DN of the user container in LDAP.</para>
1258 <term>ldap userscope = <parameter>scope</parameter>
1259 <type>(G)</type></term>
1262 <para>Search scope for user search: <option>base | one |
1268 <term>ldap groupbase = <parameter>base dn</parameter>
1269 <type>(G)</type></term>
1272 <para>DN of the group container in LDAP.</para>
1277 <term>ldap groupscope = <parameter>scope</parameter>
1278 <type>(G)</type></term>
1281 <para>Search scope for user search: <option>base | one |
1287 <term>ldap uuid attr = <parameter>dn</parameter>
1288 <type>(G)</type></term>
1291 <para>Name of the LDAP attribute with the UUIDs.</para>
1293 <para>Note: this is used both for users and groups.</para>
1298 <term>ldap name attr = <parameter>dn</parameter>
1299 <type>(G)</type></term>
1302 <para>Name of the LDAP attribute with the users short name.</para>
1307 <term>ldap uuid string = <parameter>STRING</parameter>
1308 <type>(G)</type></term>
1311 <para>Format of the uuid string in the directory. A series of x
1312 and -, where every x denotes a value 0-9a-f and every - is a
1315 <para>Default: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx</para>
1320 <term>ldap uuid encoding = <parameter>string | ms-guid (default:
1321 string)</parameter> <type>(G)</type></term>
1324 <para>Format of the UUID of the LDAP attribute, allows usage of
1325 the binary objectGUID fields from Active Directory. If left
1326 unspecified, string is the default, which passes through the ASCII
1327 UUID returned by most other LDAP stores. If set to ms-guid, the
1328 internal UUID representation is converted to and from the binary
1329 format used in the objectGUID attribute found on objects in Active
1330 Directory when interacting with the server.</para>
1332 <para><variablelist>
1337 <para>UUID is a string, use with eg OpenDirectory.</para>
1342 <term>ms-guid</term>
1345 <para>Binary objectGUID from Active Directory</para>
1348 </variablelist></para>
1353 <term>ldap group attr = <parameter>dn</parameter>
1354 <type>(G)</type></term>
1357 <para>Name of the LDAP attribute with the groups short
1366 <title>EXPLANATION OF VOLUME PARAMETERS</title>
1369 <title>Parameters</title>
1371 <para>The section name defines the volume name.
1372 No two volumes may have the same
1373 name. The volume name cannot contain the <keycode>':'</keycode>
1374 character. The volume name is mangled if it is very long. Mac charset
1375 volume name is limited to 27 characters. UTF8-MAC volume name is limited
1376 to volnamelen parameter.</para>
1380 <term>path = <replaceable>PATH</replaceable> <type>(V)</type></term>
1383 <para>The path name must be a fully qualified path name.</para>
1388 <term>appledouble = <replaceable>ea|v2</replaceable>
1389 <type>(V)</type></term>
1392 <para>Specify the format of the metadata files, which are used for
1393 saving Mac resource fork as well. Earlier versions used
1394 AppleDouble v2, the new default format is <emphasis
1395 role="bold">ea</emphasis>.</para>
1400 <term>vol size limit = <replaceable>size in MiB</replaceable>
1401 <type>(V)</type></term>
1404 <para>Useful for Time Machine: limits the reported volume size,
1405 thus preventing Time Machine from using the whole real disk space
1406 for backup. Example: "vol size limit = 1000" would limit the
1407 reported disk space to 1 GB. <emphasis role="bold">IMPORTANT:
1408 </emphasis> This is an approximated calculation taking into
1409 account the contents of Time Machine sparsebundle images. Therefor
1410 you MUST NOT use this volume to store other content when using
1411 this option, because it would NOT be accounted. The calculation
1412 works by reading the band size from the Info.plist XML file of the
1413 sparsebundle, reading the bands/ directory counting the number of
1414 band files, and then multiplying one with the other.</para>
1419 <term>valid users = <replaceable>user @group</replaceable>
1420 <type>(V)</type></term>
1423 <para>The allow option allows the users and groups that access a
1424 share to be specified. Users and groups are specified, delimited
1425 by spaces or commas. Groups are designated by a @ prefix. Names
1426 may be quoted in order to allow for spaces in names. Example:
1427 <programlisting>valid users = user "user 2" @group “@group 2"</programlisting></para>
1432 <term>invalid users = <replaceable>users/groups</replaceable>
1433 <type>(V)</type></term>
1436 <para>The deny option specifies users and groups who are not
1437 allowed access to the share. It follows the same format as the
1438 "valid users" option.</para>
1443 <term>hosts allow = <replaceable>IP host address/IP netmask bits [
1444 ... ]</replaceable> <type>(V)</type></term>
1447 <para>Only listed hosts and networks are allowed, all others are
1448 rejected. The network address may be specified either in
1449 dotted-decimal format for IPv4 or in hexadecimal format for
1452 <para>Example: hosts allow = 10.1.0.0/16 10.2.1.100
1453 2001:0db8:1234::/48</para>
1458 <term>hosts deny = <replaceable>IP host address/IP netmask bits [
1459 ... ]</replaceable> <type>(V)</type></term>
1462 <para>Listed hosts and nets are rejected, all others are
1465 <para>Example: hosts deny = 192.168.100/24 10.1.1.1
1466 2001:db8::1428:57ab</para>
1471 <term>cnid scheme = <replaceable>backend</replaceable>
1472 <type>(V)</type></term>
1475 <para>set the CNID backend to be used for the volume, default is
1476 [@DEFAULT_CNID_SCHEME@] available schemes:
1477 [@compiled_backends@]</para>
1482 <term>ea = <replaceable>none|auto|sys|ad</replaceable>
1483 <type>(V)</type></term>
1486 <para>Specify how Extended Attributes<indexterm>
1487 <primary>Extended Attributes</primary>
1488 </indexterm> are stored. <option>auto</option> is the
1496 <para>Try <option>sys</option> (by setting an EA on the
1497 shared directory itself), fallback to <option>ad</option>.
1498 Requires writable volume for performing test. "<option>read
1499 only = yes</option>" overwrites <option>auto</option> with
1500 <option>none</option>. Use explicit "<option>ea =
1501 sys|ad</option>" for read-only volumes where
1510 <para>Use filesystem Extended Attributes.</para>
1518 <para>Use files in <emphasis>.AppleDouble</emphasis>
1527 <para>No Extended Attributes support.</para>
1535 <term>mac charset = <replaceable>CHARSET</replaceable>
1536 <type>(V)</type></term>
1539 <para>specifies the Mac client charset for this Volume, e.g.
1540 <emphasis>MAC_ROMAN</emphasis>, <emphasis>MAC_CYRILLIC</emphasis>.
1541 If not specified the global setting is applied. This setting is
1542 only required if you need volumes, where the Mac charset differs
1543 from the one globally set in the [Global] section.</para>
1548 <term>casefold = <option>option</option> <type>(V)</type></term>
1551 <para>The casefold option handles, if the case of filenames should
1552 be changed. The available options are:</para>
1554 <para><option>tolower</option> - Lowercases names in both
1557 <para><option>toupper</option> - Uppercases names in both
1560 <para><option>xlatelower</option> - Client sees lowercase, server
1561 sees uppercase.</para>
1563 <para><option>xlateupper</option> - Client sees uppercase, server
1564 sees lowercase.</para>
1569 <term>password = <replaceable>password</replaceable>
1570 <type>(V)</type></term>
1573 <para>This option allows you to set a volume password, which can
1574 be a maximum of 8 characters long (using ASCII strongly
1575 recommended at the time of this writing).</para>
1580 <term>file perm = <replaceable>mode</replaceable>
1581 <type>(V)</type></term>
1583 <term>directory perm = <replaceable>mode</replaceable>
1584 <type>(V)</type></term>
1587 <para>Add(or) with the client requested permissions: <option>file
1588 perm</option> is for files only, <option>directory perm</option>
1589 is for directories only. Don't use with "<option>unix priv =
1590 no</option>".</para>
1593 <title>Volume for a collaborative workgroup</title>
1595 <para><programlisting>file perm = 0660 directory perm =
1596 0770</programlisting></para>
1602 <term>umask = <replaceable>mode</replaceable>
1603 <type>(V)</type></term>
1606 <para>set perm mask. Don't use with "<option>unix priv =
1607 no</option>".</para>
1612 <term>preexec = <replaceable>command</replaceable>
1613 <type>(V)</type></term>
1616 <para>command to be run when the volume is mounted, ignored for
1617 user defined volumes</para>
1622 <term>postexec = <replaceable>command</replaceable>
1623 <type>(V)</type></term>
1626 <para>command to be run when the volume is closed, ignored for
1627 user defined volumes</para>
1632 <term>root preexec = <replaceable>command</replaceable>
1633 <type>(V)</type></term>
1636 <para>command to be run as root when the volume is mounted,
1637 ignored for user defined volumes</para>
1642 <term>root postexec = <replaceable>command</replaceable>
1643 <type>(V)</type></term>
1646 <para>command to be run as root when the volume is closed, ignored
1647 for user defined volumes</para>
1652 <term>rolist = <option>users/groups</option> <type>(V)</type></term>
1655 <para>Allows certain users and groups to have read-only access to
1656 a share. This follows the allow option format.</para>
1661 <term>rwlist = <replaceable>users/groups</replaceable>
1662 <type>(V)</type></term>
1665 <para>Allows certain users and groups to have read/write access to
1666 a share. This follows the allow option format.</para>
1671 <term>veto files = <replaceable>vetoed names</replaceable>
1672 <type>(V)</type></term>
1675 <para>hide files and directories,where the path matches one of the
1676 '/' delimited vetoed names. The veto string must always be
1677 terminated with a '/', eg. "veto1/", "veto1/veto2/".</para>
1684 <title>Volume options</title>
1686 <para>Boolean volume options.</para>
1690 <term>acls = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1691 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1694 <para>Whether to flag volumes as supporting ACLs. If ACL support
1695 is compiled in, this is yes by default.</para>
1700 <term>cnid dev = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1701 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1704 <para>Whether to use the device number in the CNID backends. Helps
1705 when the device number is not constant across a reboot, eg
1711 <term>convert appledouble = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable>
1712 (default: <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1715 <para>Whether automatic conversion from <option>appledouble =
1716 v2</option> to <option>appledouble = ea</option> is performed when
1717 accessing filesystems from clients. This is generally useful, but
1718 costs some performance. It's recommendable to run
1719 <command>dbd</command> on volumes and do the conversion with that.
1720 Then this option can be set to no.</para>
1725 <term>follow symlinks = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1726 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1729 <para>The default setting is false thus symlinks are not followed
1730 on the server. This is the same behaviour as OS X's AFP server.
1731 Setting the option to true causes afpd to follow symlinks on the
1732 server. symlinks may point outside of the AFP volume, currently
1733 afpd doesn't do any checks for "wide symlinks".</para>
1738 <term>invisible dots = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1739 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1742 <para>make dot files invisible. WARNING: enabling this option will
1743 lead to unwanted sideeffects were OS X applications when saving
1744 files to a temporary file starting with a dot first, then renaming
1745 the temp file to its final name, result in the saved file being
1746 invisible. The only thing this option is useful for is making
1747 files that start with a dot invisible on Mac OS 9. It's
1748 completely useless on Mac OS X, as both in Finder and in Terminal
1749 files starting with a dot are hidden anyway.</para>
1754 <term>network ids = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1755 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1758 <para>Whether the server support network ids. Setting this to
1759 <emphasis>no</emphasis> will result in the client not using ACL
1760 AFP functions.</para>
1765 <term>preexec close = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1766 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1769 <para>A non-zero return code from preexec close the volume being
1770 immediately, preventing clients to mount/see the volume in
1776 <term>read only = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1777 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1780 <para>Specifies the share as being read only for all users.
1781 Overwrites <option>ea = auto</option> with <option>ea =
1782 none</option></para>
1787 <term>root preexec close= <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable>
1788 (default: <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1791 <para>A non-zero return code from root_preexec closes the volume
1792 immediately, preventing clients to mount/see the volume in
1798 <term>search db = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1799 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1802 <para>Use fast CNID database namesearch instead of slow recursive
1803 filesystem search. Relies on a consistent CNID database, ie Samba
1804 or local filesystem access lead to inaccurate or wrong results.
1805 Works only for "dbd" CNID db volumes.</para>
1810 <term>stat vol = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1811 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1814 <para>Whether to stat volume path when enumerating volumes list,
1815 useful for automounting or volumes created by a preexec
1821 <term>time machine = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1822 <emphasis>no</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1825 <para>Whether to enable Time Machine support for this
1831 <term>unix priv = <replaceable>BOOLEAN</replaceable> (default:
1832 <emphasis>yes</emphasis>) <type>(V)</type></term>
1835 <para>Whether to use AFP3 UNIX privileges. This should be set for
1836 OS X clients. See also: <option>file perm</option>,
1837 <option>directory perm</option> and <option>umask</option>.</para>
1845 <title>CNID backends</title>
1847 <para>The AFP protocol mostly refers to files and directories by ID and
1848 not by name. Netatalk needs a way to store these ID's in a persistent way,
1849 to achieve this several different CNID backends are available. The CNID
1850 Databases are by default located in the
1851 <filename>@localstatedir@/netatalk/CNID/(volumename)/.AppleDB/</filename>
1859 <para>"Concurrent database", backend is based on Oracle Berkley DB.
1860 With this backend several <command>afpd</command> daemons access the
1861 CNID database directly. Berkeley DB locking is used to synchronize
1862 access, if more than one <command>afpd</command> process is active
1863 for a volume. The drawback is, that the crash of a single
1864 <command>afpd</command> process might corrupt the database.</para>
1872 <para>Access to the CNID database is restricted to the
1873 <command>cnid_metad</command> daemon process.
1874 <command>afpd</command> processes communicate with the daemon for
1875 database reads and updates. If built with Berkeley DB transactions
1876 the probability for database corruption is practically zero, but
1877 performance can be slower than with <option>cdb</option></para>
1885 <para>This backend is an exception, in terms of ID persistency. ID's
1886 are only valid for the current session. This is basically what
1887 <command>afpd</command> did in the 1.5 (and 1.6) versions. This
1888 backend is still available, as it is useful for e.g. sharing cdroms.
1889 Starting with Netatalk 3.0, it becomes the <emphasis>read only
1890 mode</emphasis> automatically.</para>
1892 <para><emphasis role="bold">Warning</emphasis>: It is
1893 <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> recommended to use this backend for volumes
1894 anymore, as <command>afpd</command> now relies heavily on a
1895 persistent ID database. Aliases will likely not work and filename
1896 mangling is not supported.</para>
1901 <para>Even though <command>./configure --help</command> might show that
1902 there are other CNID backends available, be warned those are likely broken
1903 or mainly used for testing. Don't use them unless you know what you're
1904 doing, they may be removed without further notice from future
1909 <title>Charset options</title>
1911 <para>With OS X Apple introduced the AFP3 protocol. One of the most
1912 important changes was that AFP3 uses unicode names encoded as UTF-8
1913 decomposed. Previous AFP/OS versions used codepages, like MacRoman,
1914 MacCentralEurope, etc.</para>
1916 <para><command>afpd</command> needs a way to preserve extended Macintosh
1917 characters, or characters illegal in unix filenames, when saving files on
1918 a unix filesystem. Earlier versions used the the so called CAP encoding.
1919 An extended character (>0x7F) would be converted to a :xx sequence,
1920 e.g. the Apple Logo (MacRoman: 0xF0) was saved as <literal>:f0</literal>.
1921 Some special characters will be converted as to :xx notation as well.
1922 '<keycode>/</keycode>' will be encoded to <literal>:2f</literal>, if
1923 <option>usedots</option> is not specified, a leading dot
1924 '<keycode>.</keycode>' will be encoded as <literal>:2e</literal>.</para>
1926 <para>This version now uses UTF-8 as the default encoding for names.
1927 '<keycode>/</keycode>' will be converted to '<keycode>:</keycode>'.</para>
1929 <para>The <option>vol charset</option> option will allow you to select
1930 another volume encoding. E.g. for western users another useful setting
1931 could be vol charset ISO-8859-15. <command>afpd</command> will accept any
1933 <refentrytitle><command>iconv</command></refentrytitle>
1935 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
1936 </citerefentry> provided charset. If a character cannot be converted
1937 from the <option>mac charset</option> to the selected <option>vol
1938 charset</option>, afpd will save it as a CAP encoded character. For AFP3
1939 clients, <command>afpd</command> will convert the UTF-8<indexterm>
1940 <primary>UTF8</primary>
1942 <secondary>afpd's vol charset setting</secondary>
1943 </indexterm><indexterm>
1944 <primary>UTF8-MAC</primary>
1946 <secondary>afpd's vol charset setting</secondary>
1947 </indexterm><indexterm>
1948 <primary>ISO-8859-15</primary>
1950 <secondary>afpd's vol charset setting</secondary>
1951 </indexterm><indexterm>
1952 <primary>ISO-8859-1</primary>
1954 <secondary>afpd's vol charset setting</secondary>
1955 </indexterm> character to <option>mac charset</option> first. If this
1956 conversion fails, you'll receive a -50 error on the mac.</para>
1958 <para><emphasis>Note</emphasis>: Whenever you can, please stick with the
1959 default UTF-8 volume format.</para>
1963 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
1965 <para><citerefentry>
1966 <refentrytitle>afpd</refentrytitle>
1968 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
1969 </citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
1970 <refentrytitle>afppasswd</refentrytitle>
1972 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
1973 </citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
1974 <refentrytitle>afp_signature.conf</refentrytitle>
1976 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
1977 </citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
1978 <refentrytitle>extmap.conf</refentrytitle>
1980 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
1981 </citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
1982 <refentrytitle>cnid_metad</refentrytitle>
1984 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
1985 </citerefentry></para>