+ def items(x):
+ return x.items()
+
+ def bytes_from_uint(i):
+ return bytes((i,))
+
+ byte_int = lambda x: x
+
+ def buffer(object, offset=None, size=None):
+ if size:
+ assert offset is not None
+ return memoryview(object)[offset:offset + size]
+ if offset:
+ return memoryview(object)[offset:]
+ return memoryview(object)
+
+ def join_bytes(*items):
+ """Return the concatenated bytes or memoryview arguments as bytes."""
+ return b''.join(items)
+