1 % bup-restore(1) Bup %BUP_VERSION%
2 % Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@gmail.com>
7 bup-restore - extract files from a backup set
11 bup restore [\--outdir=*outdir*] [\--exclude-rx *pattern*]
12 [\--exclude-rx-from *filename*] [-v] [-q] \<paths...\>
16 `bup restore` extracts files from a backup set (created
17 with `bup-save`(1)) to the local filesystem.
19 The specified *paths* are of the form
20 /_branch_/_revision_/_some/where_. The components of the
24 : the name of the backup set to restore from; this
25 corresponds to the `--name` (`-n`) option to `bup save`.
28 : the revision of the backup set to restore. The
29 revision *latest* is always the most recent
30 backup on the given branch. You can discover other
31 revisions using `bup ls /branch`.
34 : the previously saved path (after any stripping/grafting) that you
35 want to restore. For example, `etc/passwd`.
37 If _some/where_ names a directory, `bup restore` will restore that
38 directory and then recursively restore its contents.
40 If _some/where_ names a directory and ends with a slash (ie.
41 path/to/dir/), `bup restore` will restore the children of that
42 directory directly to the current directory (or the `--outdir`). If
43 _some/where_ does not end in a slash, the children will be restored to
44 a subdirectory of the current directory.
46 If _some/where_ names a directory and ends in '/.' (ie.
47 path/to/dir/.), `bup restore` will do exactly what it would have done
48 for path/to/dir, and then restore _dir_'s metadata to the current
49 directory (or the `--outdir`). See the EXAMPLES section.
51 Whenever path metadata is available, `bup restore` will attempt to
52 restore it. When restoring ownership, bup implements tar/rsync-like
53 semantics. It will normally prefer user and group names to uids and
54 gids when they're available, but it will not try to restore the user
55 unless running as root, and it will fall back to the numeric uid or
56 gid whenever the metadata contains a user or group name that doesn't
57 exist on the current system. The use of user and group names can be
58 disabled via `--numeric-ids` (which can be important when restoring a
59 chroot, for example), and as a special case, a uid or gid of 0 will
60 never be remapped by name. Additionally, some systems don't allow
61 setting a uid/gid that doesn't correspond with a known user/group. On
62 those systems, bup will log an error for each relevant path.
64 The `--map-user`, `--map-group`, `--map-uid`, `--map-gid` options may
65 be used to adjust the available ownership information before any of
66 the rules above are applied, but note that due to those rules,
67 `--map-uid` and `--map-gid` will have no effect whenever a path has a
68 valid user or group. In those cases, either `--numeric-ids` must be
69 specified, or the user or group must be cleared by a suitable
70 `--map-user foo=` or `--map-group foo=`.
72 Hardlinks will also be restored when possible, but at least currently,
73 no links will be made to targets outside the restore tree, and if the
74 restore tree spans a different arrangement of filesystems from the
75 save tree, some hardlink sets may not be completely restored.
77 Also note that changing hardlink sets on disk between index and save
78 may produce unexpected results. With the current implementation, bup
79 will attempt to recreate any given hardlink set as it existed at index
80 time, even if all of the files in the set weren't still hardlinked
81 (but were otherwise identical) at save time.
83 Note that during the restoration process, access to data within the
84 restore tree may be more permissive than it was in the original
85 source. Unless security is irrelevant, you must restore to a private
86 subdirectory, and then move the resulting tree to its final position.
87 See the EXAMPLES section for a demonstration.
91 -C, \--outdir=*outdir*
92 : create and change to directory *outdir* before
96 : restore numeric IDs (user, group, etc.) rather than names.
98 \--exclude-rx=*pattern*
99 : exclude any path matching *pattern*, which must be a Python
100 regular expression (http://docs.python.org/library/re.html). The
101 pattern will be compared against the full path rooted at the top
102 of the restore tree, without anchoring, so "x/y" will match
103 "ox/yard" or "box/yards". To exclude the contents of /tmp, but
104 not the directory itself, use "^/tmp/.". (can be specified more
107 Note that the root of the restore tree (which matches '^/') is the
108 top of the archive tree being restored, and has nothing to do with
109 the filesystem destination. Given "restore ... /foo/latest/etc/",
110 the pattern '^/passwd$' would match if a file named passwd had
111 been saved as '/foo/latest/etc/passwd'.
115 * '/foo$' - exclude any file named foo
116 * '/foo/$' - exclude any directory named foo
117 * '/foo/.' - exclude the content of any directory named foo
118 * '^/tmp/.' - exclude root-level /tmp's content, but not /tmp itself
120 \--exclude-rx-from=*filename*
121 : read --exclude-rx patterns from *filename*, one pattern per-line
122 (may be repeated). Ignore completely empty lines.
125 : write output data sparsely when reasonable. Currently, reasonable
126 just means "at least whenever there are 512 or more consecutive
129 \--map-user *old*=*new*
130 : for every path, restore the *old* (saved) user name as *new*.
131 Specifying "" for *new* will clear the user. For example
132 "--map-user foo=" will allow the uid to take effect for any path
133 that originally had a user of "foo", unless countermanded by a
134 subsequent "--map-user foo=..." specification. See DESCRIPTION
135 above for further information.
137 \--map-group *old*=*new*
138 : for every path, restore the *old* (saved) group name as *new*.
139 Specifying "" for *new* will clear the group. For example
140 "--map-group foo=" will allow the gid to take effect for any path
141 that originally had a group of "foo", unless countermanded by a
142 subsequent "--map-group foo=..." specification. See DESCRIPTION
143 above for further information.
145 \--map-uid *old*=*new*
146 : for every path, restore the *old* (saved) uid as *new*, unless
147 countermanded by a subsequent "--map-uid *old*=..." option. Note
148 that the uid will only be relevant for paths with no user. See
149 DESCRIPTION above for further information.
151 \--map-gid *old*=*new*
152 : for every path, restore the *old* (saved) gid as *new*, unless
153 countermanded by a subsequent "--map-gid *old*=..." option. Note
154 that the gid will only be relevant for paths with no user. See
155 DESCRIPTION above for further information.
158 : increase log output. Given once, prints every
159 directory as it is restored; given twice, prints every
163 : don't show the progress meter. Normally, is stderr is
164 a tty, a progress display is printed that shows the
165 total number of files restored.
169 Create a simple test backup set:
172 $ bup save -n mybackup /etc/passwd /etc/profile
174 Restore just one file:
176 $ bup restore /mybackup/latest/etc/passwd
180 -rw-r--r-- 1 apenwarr apenwarr 1478 2010-09-08 03:06 passwd
182 Restore etc to test (no trailing slash):
184 $ bup restore -C test /mybackup/latest/etc
193 Restore the contents of etc to test (trailing slash):
195 $ bup restore -C test /mybackup/latest/etc/
203 Restore the contents of etc and etc's metadata to test (trailing
206 $ bup restore -C test /mybackup/latest/etc/.
209 # At this point test and etc's metadata will match.
215 Restore a tree without risk of unauthorized access:
217 # mkdir --mode 0700 restore-tmp
219 # bup restore -C restore-tmp /somebackup/latest/foo
222 # mv restore-tmp/foo somewhere
226 Restore a tree, remapping an old user and group to a new user and group:
229 -rw-r----- 1 foo baz 3610 Nov 4 11:31 y
230 # bup restore -C dest --map-user foo=bar --map-group baz=bax /x/latest/y
233 -rw-r----- 1 bar bax 3610 Nov 4 11:31 y
235 Restore a tree, remapping an old uid to a new uid. Note that the old
236 user must be erased so that bup won't prefer it over the uid:
239 -rw-r----- 1 foo baz 3610 Nov 4 11:31 y
241 -rw-r----- 1 1000 1007 3610 Nov 4 11:31 y
242 # bup restore -C dest --map-user foo= --map-uid 1000=1042 /x/latest/y
245 -rw-r----- 1 1042 1007 3610 Nov 4 11:31 y
247 An alternate way to do the same by quashing users/groups universally
248 with `--numeric-ids`:
250 # bup restore -C dest --numeric-ids --map-uid 1000=1042 /x/latest/y
255 `bup-save`(1), `bup-ftp`(1), `bup-fuse`(1), `bup-web`(1)
259 Part of the `bup`(1) suite.