ngIRCd release 18~rc2

[ngircd-alex.git] / NEWS

                     ngIRCd - Next Generation IRC Server
                           http://ngircd.barton.de/

               (c)2001-2011 Alexander Barton and Contributors.
               ngIRCd is free software and published under the
                   terms of the GNU General Public License.

                                  -- NEWS --

ngIRCd Release 18

  ngIRCd 18~rc2 (2011-06-29)
  - GnuTLS: use 1024 bits as minimum size of the DH prime. This enables
    ngIRCd to accept incoming connections from other servers and clients
    that "only" use at least 1024 bits again, like ngIRCd 17 did (and no
    longer requires 2048 bits for incoming connections).

  ngIRCd 18~rc1 (2011-06-27)
  - New configuration option "MorePrivacy" to "censor" some user information.
    When enabled, signon time and idle time is left out. Part and quit
    messages are made to look the same. WHOWAS requests are silently dropped.
    All of this is useful if one wish to conceal users that access the ngircd
    servers from TOR or I2P.
  - New configuration option "ScrubCTCP" to scrub incoming CTCP commands. If
    activated, the server silently drops incoming CTCP requests from both
    other servers and from users. The server that scrubs CTCP will not forward
    the CTCP requests to other servers in the network either, which can spell
    trouble if not every oper knows about the CTCP-scrubbing. Scrubbing CTCP
    commands also means that it is not possible to send files between users.
    There is one exception to the CTCP scrubbing performed: ACTION ("/me
    commands") requests are not scrubbed.
  - Restructure ngIRCd configuration file: introduce new [Limits], [Options],
    and [SSL] sections. The intention of this restructuring is to make the
    [Global] section much cleaner, so that it only contains variables that
    most installations must adjust to the local requirements. All the optional
    variables are moved to [Limits], for configurable limits and timers of
    ngIRCd, and [Options], for optional features. All SSL-related variables
    are moved to [SSL] and the "SSL"-prefix is stripped. The old variables in
    the [Global] section are deprecated now, but are still recognized.
    => Don't forget to check your configuration, use "ngircd --configtest"!
  - New documentation "how to contribute": doc/Contributing.txt.
  - Avoid needlessly scary 'buffer overflow' messages: When the write buffer
    space grows too large, ngIRCd has to disconnect the client to avoid
    wasting too much memory, which is logged with a scary 'write buffer
    overflow' message. Change this to a more descriptive wording.
  - New configuration option "RequireAuthPing": PING-PONG on login. When
    enabled, this configuration option lets ngIRCd send a PING with an numeric
    "token" to clients logging in; and it will not become registered in the
    network until the client responds with the correct PONG.
  - New configuration option "NoticeAuth": send NOTICE AUTH on connect. When
    active, ngircd will send "NOTICE AUTH" messages on client connect time
    like e.g. snircd (QuakeNet) does.
  - Add support for up to 3 targets in WHOIS queries, also allow up to one
    wildcard query from local hosts. Follows ircd 2.10 implementation rather
    than RFC 2812. At most 10 entries are returned per wildcard expansion.
  - ngircd.conf(5) manual page: describe types of configuration variables
    (booleans, text strings, integer numbers) and add type information to each
    variable description.
  - Terminate incoming connections on HTTP commands "GET" and "POST".
  - New configuration option "CloakHost": when set, this hostname is used for
    every client instead of the real DNS hostname (or IP address).
  - New configuration option "CloakUserToNick": when enabled, ngIRCd sets
    every clients' user name to their nick name and hides the user name
    supplied by the IRC client.
  - Make write buffers bigger, but flush early. Before this change, a client
    got disconnected if the buffer flushing at 4k failed, now regular clients
    can store up to 32k and servers up 64k even if flushing is not possible at
    the moment. This enhances reliability on slow links.
  - Allow "Port = 0" in [Server] blocks. Port number 0 marks remote servers
    that try to connect to this daemon, but where this daemon never tries to
    establish a connection on its own: only incoming connections are allowed.
  - Enable WHOIS command to return information about services.
  - Implement channel mode 'O': "IRC operators only". This channel mode is
    used on DALnet (bahamut), for example.
  - Remove support for ZeroConf/Bonjour/Rendezvous service registration
    including the "[No]ZeroConf" configuration option.
  - Deprecate NoXX-Options in ngircd.conf and move new variants into our new
    [Options] section: 'NoDNS=no' => 'DNS=yes', 'NoIdent=no' => 'Ident=yes',
    'NoPAM=no' => 'PAM=yes', and 'NoZeroConf=no' => 'ZeroConf=yes' (and
    vice-versa). The defaults are adjusted accordingly and the old variables
    in [Global] are still accepted, so there is no functional change.

ngIRCd Release 17.1 (2010-12-19)

  - Don't log critical (or worse) messages to stderr
  - Remove "error file" when compiled with debug code enabled
  - New numeric 329: get channel creation time on "MODE #chan" commands

ngIRCd Release 17 (2010-11-07)

  - doc: change path names in sample-ngircd.conf depending on sysconfdir

  ngIRCd 17~rc2 (2010-10-25)
  - Generate ngIRCd version number from GIT tag.
  - Make sourcecode compatible with ansi2knr again. This allows to compile
    ngIRCd using a pre-ANSI K&R C compiler again.

  ngIRCd 17~rc1 (2010-10-11)
  - New configuration option "NoZeroConf" to disable service registration at
    runtime even if ngIRCd is compiled with support for ZeroConf (e.g. using
    Howl, Avahi or on Mac OS X).
  - New configuration option "SyslogFacility" to define the syslog "facility"
    (the "target"), to which ngIRCd should send its log messages.
    Possible values are system dependant, but most probably "auth", "daemon",
    "user" and "local1" through "local7" are possible values; see syslog(3).
    Default is "local5" for historical reasons.
  - Dump the "internal server state" (configured servers, established
    connections and known clients) to the console or syslog when receiving
    the SIGUSR2 signal and debug mode is enabled.
  - Enable the daemon to disable and enable "debug mode" on runtime using
    signal SIGUSR1, when debug code is compiled in, not only on startup
    using the command line parameters.
  - Implement user mode "x": hostname cloaking (closes: #102).
  - Change MOTD file handling: ngIRCd now caches the contens of the MOTD
    file, so the daemon now requires a HUP signal or REHASH command to
    re-read the MOTD file when its content changed.
  - Allow IRC ops to change channel modes even without OperServerMode set.
  - Allow IRC operators to use MODE command on any channel (closes: #100).
  - New configuration option "NoPAM" to disable PAM.
  - Implement asynchronous user authentication using PAM, please see the
    file doc/PAM.txt for details.
  - Add some documentation for using BOPM with ngIRCd, see doc/Bopm.txt.
  - Implement user mode "c": receive connect/disconnect NOTICEs. Note that
    this new mode requires the user to be an IRC operator.
  - Show SSL status in WHOIS output, numeric 275.

ngIRCd Release 16 (2010-05-02)

  ngIRCd 16~rc2 (2010-04-25)
  - Enhace connection statistics counters: display total number of served
    connections on daemon shutdown and when a new client connects using
    the new numeric RPL_STATSCONN (250).

  ngIRCd 16~rc1 (2010-03-25)
  - Implement WEBIRC command used by some Web-IRC frontends. The password
    required to secure this command must be configured using the new
    "WebircPassword" variable in the ngircd.conf file.
  - Remove limit on max number of configured irc operators.
  - A new channel mode "secure connections only" (+z) has been implemented:
    Only clients using a SSL encrypted connection to the server are allowed
    to join such a channel.
    But please note three things: a) already joined clients are not checked
    when setting this mode, b) IRC operators are always allowed to join
    every channel, and c) remote clients using a server not supporting this
    mode are not checked either and therefore always allowed to join.

ngIRCd Release 15 (2009-11-07)

  ngIRCd 15~rc1 (2009-10-15)
  - Do not add default listening port (6667) if SSL ports were specified, so
    ngIRCd can be configured to only accept SSL-encrypted connections now.
  - Enable IRC operators to use the IRC command SQUIT (insted of the already
    implemented but non-standard DISCONNECT command).
  - New configuration option "AllowRemoteOper" (disabled by default) that
    enables remote IRC operators to use the IRC commands SQUIT and CONNECT
    on the local server.
  - Enforce upper limit on maximum number of handled commands. This implements
    a throttling scheme: an IRC client can send up to 3 commands or 256 bytes
    per second before a one second pause is enforced.

ngIRCd Release 14.1 (2009-05-05)

  - Security: fix remotely triggerable crash in SSL/TLS code.
  - Debian: build ngircd-full-dbg package.
  - Allow ping timeout quit messages to show the timeout value.

ngIRCd Release 14 (2009-04-20)

  ngIRCd 14~rc1 (2009-03-29)
  - Allow creation of persistent modeless channels.
  - The INFO command reports the compile time now (if available).
  - Support individual channel keys for pre-defined channels: introduce
    new configuration variable "KeyFile" in [Channel] sections in ngircd.conf,
    here a file can be configured for each pre-defined channel which contains
    individual channel keys for different users.
  - Remove limit on maximum number of predefined channels in ngircd.conf.

ngIRCd Release 13 (2008-12-25)

  ngIRCd 13~rc1 (2008-11-21):
  - New version number scheme :-)
  - Initial support for IRC services, using a RFC1459 style interface,
    tested with IRCServices (http://www.ircservices.za.net/) version 5.1.13.
    For this to work, ngIRCd now supports server-server links conforming
    to RFC 1459. New ngircd.conf(5) option: ServiceMask.
  - Support for SSL-encrypted server-server and client-server links using
    OpenSSL (configure: --with-openssl) or GNUTLS (configure: --with-gnutls).
    New ngircd.conf(5) options: SSLPorts, SSLKeyFile, SSLKeyFilePassword,
    SSLCertFile, SSLDHFile, and SSLConnect.
  - Server local channels have been implemented, prefix "&", that are only
    visible to users of the same server and are not visible in the network.
    In addition ngIRCd creates a "special" channel &SERVER on startup and logs
    all the messages to it that a user with mode +s receives.
  - New make target "osxpkg" to build a Mac OS X installer package.
  - New configuration option "NoIdent" to disable IDENT lookups even if the
    daemon is compiled with IDENT support.

ngIRCd 0.12.1 (2008-07-09)

  - Add option aliases -V (for --version) and -h (for --help).
  - Make Listen parameter a comma-separated list of addresses. This also
    obsoletes ListenIPv4 and ListenIPv6 options. If Listen is unset, it
    is treated as Listen="::,0.0.0.0".
    Note: ListenIPv4 and ListenIPv6 options are still recognized,
    but ngircd will print a warning if they are used in the config file.

ngIRCd 0.12.0 (2008-05-13)

  ngIRCd 0.12.0-pre2 (2008-04-29)
  - IPv6: Add config options to disable ipv4/ipv6 support.

  ngIRCd 0.12.0-pre1 (2008-04-20)
  - Add IPv6 support.
  - Install a LaunchDaemon script to start/stop ngIRCd on Mac OS X.
  - Implemented IRC commands INFO, SUMMON (dummy), and USERS (dummy) and
    enhanced test suite to check these commands. (Dana Dahlstrom)
  - IRC_WHO now supports search patterns and will test this against user
    nickname/servername/hostname, etc. as required by RFC 2812, Section 3.6.1.
    (reported by Dana Dahlstrom)
  - Implement RFC 2812 handling of "0" argument to 'JOIN': must be treated
    as if the user had sent PART commands for all channels the user is a
    member of. (Dana Dahlstrom)
  - Allow NOTICEs to be sent to a channel. (Fabian Schlager)

ngIRCd 0.11.0 (2008-01-15)

  - Add support for /STAT u (server uptime) command.
  - New [Server] configuration Option "Bind" allows to specify
    the source IP address to use when connecting to remote server.
  - New configuration option "MaxNickLength" to specify the allowed maximum
    length of user nick names. Note: must be unique in an IRC network!
  - Numeric 317: implemented "signon time" (displayed in WHOIS result).
  - Added new server configuration option "Passive" for "Server" blocks to
    disable automatic outgoing connections (similar to -p option to ngircd,
    but only for the specified server). (Tassilo Schweyer)
  - Added support for the WALLOPS command. Usage is restricted to IRC
    operators.

ngIRCd 0.10.2 (2007-06-08)

  - Predefined channel configuration now allows specification of channel key
    (mode k) and maximum user count (mode l): variables "Key" and "MaxUsers".
  - When using the epoll() IO interface, compile in the select() interface as
    well and fall back to it when epoll() isn't available on runtime.
  - Added support for IO APIs "poll()" and "/dev/poll".

ngIRCd 0.10.1 (2006-12-17)

  - Allow PASS syntax defined in RFC 1459 for server links, too.
  - New configuration option "PredefChannelsOnly": if set, clients can only
    join predefined channels.

ngIRCd 0.10.0 (2006-10-01)

  ngIRCd 0.10.0-pre1 (2006-08-02)
  - Enhanced DIE to accept a single parameter ("comment text") which is sent
    to all locally connected clients before the server goes down.
  - JOIN now supports more than one channel key at a time.
  - Implemented numeric "333": Time and user name who set a channel topic.
  - Channel topics are no longer limited to 127 characters: now the only limit
    is the maximum length of an IRC command, i. e. 512 bytes (in practice, this
    limits the topic to about 490 characters due to protocol overhead).
  - Reverse DNS lookup code now checks the result by doing an additional
    lookup to prevent spoofing.
  - Added new IO layer which (optionally) supports epoll() and kqueue() in
    addition to the select() interface.

ngIRCd 0.9.0 (2005-07-24)

  - Never run with root privileges but always switch the user ID.
  - Make "netsplit" messages RFC compliant.
  - Implemented the IRC function "WHOWAS".
  - New configuration option "OperServerMode" to enable a workaround needed
    when running an network with ircd2 servers and "OperCanUseMode" enabled
    to prevent the ircd2 daemon to drop mode changes of IRC operators.
    Patch by Florian Westphal, <westphal@foo.fh-furtwangen.de>.
  - Implemented support for "secret channels" (channel mode "s").
  - New configuration option "Mask" for [Operator] sections to limit OPER
    commands to users with a specific IRC mask. Patch from Florian Westphal.
  - New configuration variable "PidFile", section "[Global]": if defined,
    the server writes its process ID (PID) to this file. Default: off.
    Idea of Florian Westphal, <westphal@foo.fh-furtwangen.de>.
  - Added support for the Howl (http://www.porchdogsoft.com/products/howl/)
    Rendezvous API, in addition to the API of Apple (Mac OS X). The available
    API will be autodetected when you call "./configure --with-rendezvous".

ngIRCd 0.8.0 (2004-06-26)

  - Two new configuration options: "ChrootDir" and "MotdPhrase", thanks to
    Benjamin Pineau <ben@zouh.org>. Now you can force the daemon to change
    its root and working directory to something "safe". MotdPhrase is used
    to define an "MOTD string" instead of a whole file, useful if the
    "real" MOTD file would be outside the "jail".
  - INVITE- and BAN-lists become synchronized between IRC+ servers when
    establishing new connections, if the peer supports this as well.
  - The type of service (TOS) of all sockets is set to "interactive" now.
  - Added short command line option "-t" as alternative to "--configtest".
  - Added optional support for "IDENT" lookups on incoming connections. You
    have to enable this function with the ./configure switch "--with-ident".
    The default is not to do IDENT lookups.

ngIRCd 0.7.5 (2003-07-11)

  - New configuration variable "MaxConnectionsIP" to limit the number of
    simultaneous connections from a single IP that the server will accept.
    This configuration options lowers the risk of denial of service attacks
    (DoS), the default is 5 connections per client IP.
  - Added new configuration variable "Listen" to bind all listening
    sockets of the server to a single IP address.
       
ngIRCd 0.7.1 (2003-07-18)

  - Added support for GNU/Hurd.

ngIRCd 0.7.0 (2003-05-01)

  - New command CONNECT to enable and add server links. The syntax is not
    RFC-compatible: use "CONNECT <name> <port>" to enable and connect an
    configured server and "CONNECT <name> <port> <host> <mypwd> <peerpwd>"
    to add a new server (ngIRCd tries to connect new servers only once!).
  - Added DISCONNECT command ("DISCONNECT <name>") to disable servers.
  - New command TRACE (you can trace only servers at the moment).
  - New command HELP that lists all understood commands.
  - ngIRCd can register itself with Rendezvous: to enable support pass the
    new switch "--with-rendezvous" to configure.
  - Added support for TCP Wrappers library: pass "--with-tcp-wrappers" to
    configure to enable it.
  - Changed some configure options to use "--with"/"--without" as prefix
    instead of "--enable"/"--disable": "--without-syslog", "--without-zlib",
    "--with-tcp-wrappers", and "--with-rendezvous".
  - Enhanced manual pages ngircd(8) and ngircd.conf(5).
  - Documentation is now installed in $(datadir)/doc/ngircd.


Older news (sorry, only available in german language):

ngIRCd 0.6.0, 2002-12-24

  - beim Schliessen einer Verbindung zeigt der Server nun vor dem ERROR
    noch eine Statistik ueber die empfangene und gesendete Datenmenge an.
  - Connection-Strukturen werden nun "pool-weise" verwaltet; der Pool wird
    bei Bedarf bis zu einem konfigurierten Limit vergroessert.
  - Mit der neuen Konfigurationsvariable "MaxConnections" (Sekion "Global")
    kann die maximale Anzahl gleichzeitiger Verbindungen begrenzt werden.
    Der Default ist -1, "unlimitiert".
  - der Server erkennt nun, ob bereits eine eingehende Verbindung von einem
    Peer-Server besteht und versucht dann nicht mehr, selber eine eigene
    ausgehende Verbindung zu diesem auufzubauen. Dadurch kann nun auf beiden
    Servern in der Konfiguration ein Port fuer den Connect konfiguriert
    werden (beide Server versuchen sich dann gegenseitig zu connectieren).
  - Server identifizieren sich nun mit asyncronen Passwoertern, d.h. das
    Passwort, welches A an B schickt, kann ein anderes sein als das, welches
    B als Antwort an A sendet. In der Konfig.-Datei, Abschnitt "Server",
    wurde "Password" dazu durch "MyPassword" und "PeerPassword" ersetzt.
  - Der Server kann nun zur Laufzeit die Konfiguration neu einlesen: dies
    macht er nach dem Befehl REHASH oder wenn ein HUP-Signal empfangen wird.
  - Server-Server-Links koennen nun komprimiert werden, dazu wird die zlib
    (www.zlib.org) benoetigt. Unterstuetzt die Gegenseite die Komprimierung
    nicht, wird automatisch unkomprimiert kommuniziert. Das Verfahren ist
    kompatibel mit dem Original-ircd 2.10.3, d.h. beide Server koennen
    miteinander ueber komprimiert Links kommunizieren.
  - neue Konfigurations-Variable "MaxJoins": Hiermit kann die maximale Zahl
    der Channels, in denen ein User Mitglied sein kann, begrent werden.
  - neue Channel-Modes l (User-Limit) und k (Channel-Key) implementiert.

ngIRCd 0.5.0, 20.09.2002

  - AIX (3.2.5), HP-UX (10.20), IRIX (6.5), NetBSD (1.5.3/m68k) und Solaris
    (2.5.1, 2.6) gehoeren nun auch zu den unterstuetzten Platformen.
  - Unter A/UX (und evtl. weiteren Systemen) kompiliert der ngIRCd nun mit
    dem "nativen" (ggf. pre-ANSI) Compiler.
  - "persistente Channels" (Mode 'P') implementiert: diese koennen in der
    Konfigurationsdatei definiert werden (Sektion "Channel", vgl. Beispiel-
    Konfiguration "sample-ngircd.conf") und bleiben auch dann bestehen,
    wenn kein User mehr im Channel ist.
  - neue IRC-Befehle: KICK, INVITE, ADMIN, CHANINFO; LIST wurde erweitert.
    Mit dem neuen Befehl CHANINFO syncronisieren Server, die das IRC+-
    Protokoll unterstuetzen, Channel-Modes und Topics. Fuer den ADMIN-Befehl
    gibt es neue Konfigurationsoptionen (Sektion "Global"): "AdminInfo1",
    "AdminInfo2" und "AdminEMail".
  - Invite- und Ban-Lists implementiert.
  - neue Konfigurationsoption "OperCanUseMode" (Sektion "Global"):
    ist sie aktiv, koennen IRC-Operatoren immer Channel-Modes setzen.
  - "Test-Suite" begonnen: mit "make check" wird sie durchlaufen.

ngIRCd 0.4.2, 29.04.2002

  - IRC-Funktion LIST implementiert; bisher werden allerdings noch keine
    Regular Expressions (bis auf "*") unterstuetzt.

ngIRCd 0.4.0, 01.04.2002

  - WHO implementiert (bisher ohne komplette Unterstuetzung von Masks).
  - stderr wird nun in eine Datei umgelenkt (/ngircd-<PID>.err).
    Laeuft der Server nicht im Debug-Modus, so wird diese bei Programm-
    ende geloescht. Sollte der Server abstuerzen, finden sich hier evtl.
    zusaetzliche Informationen.
  - Server-Gruppen implementiert: es wird immer nur zu einem Server in
    einer Gruppe eine Verbindung aufgebaut, klappt es beim ersten Server
    nicht, so wird der naechste probiert.
  - Clients und Channels werden nicht mehr ueber ihren Namen, sondern
    einen Hash-Wert gesucht: sollte deutlich schneller sein.
  - neuer Kommandozeilen-Parameter "--configtest": die Konfiguration wird
    gelesen und die dann verwendeten Werte angezeigt.
  - Client-Mode "s" (Server Notices) implementiert.
  - mit dem neuen Kommandozeilen-Parameter "--config"/"-f" kann eine
    alternative Konfigurationsdatei angegeben werden.
  - nach dem Start kann der ngIRCd, wenn er mit root-Rechten laeuft,
    zu einer anderen User-ID und Group-ID wechseln.

ngIRCd 0.3.0, 02.03.2002

  - bekommt der Server ein HUP-Signal, so startet er neu -- genau so, wie
    er auf den IRC-Befehl RESTART reagiert.
  - neuer Kommandozeilen-Schalter "--passive" (-p): wird er angegeben, so
    verbindet sich der ngIRCd nicht mehr automatisch zu anderen Servern.
    Zum Debuggen manchmal ganz praktisch :-)
  - neue Befehle VERSION und KILL implementiert. NAMES korrigiert.
  - Anpassungen an A/UX: gehoert nun auch zu den unterstuetzten Platformen.
  - AWAY (und der User-Mode 'a') ist nun implementiert.
  - der ngIRCd unterstuetzt nun Channel-Topics (TOPIC-Befehl).
  - Channel- und Nicknames werden nun ordentlich validiert.

ngIRCd 0.2.0, 15.02.2002

  - Begonnen Channel-Modes und User-Channel-Modes zu implementieren: der
    Server versteht an User-Modes o und v, beachtet letzteres allerdings
    noch nirgends. Bekannte (aber nicht beachtete!) Channel-Modes sind
    bisher a, m, n, p, q, s und t. Diese Modes werden von Usern ange-
    nommen, von anderen Servern werden auch unbekannte Modes uebernommen.
  - Nach dem Connect eines Users werden LUSERS-Informationen angezeigt.

ngIRCd 0.1.0, 29.01.2002

  - Channels implementiert, bisher jedoch noch ohne Channel-Modes, d.h.
    es gibt keine Channel-Ops, kein Topic, kein "topic lock" etc. pp.
    Chatten in Channels ist aber natuerlich moeglich ;-)
    Dadurch zum Teil groessere Aenderungen an bisherigen Funktionen.
  - neue Befehle fuer Channles: JOIN, PART und NJOIN.
  - FAQ.txt in doc/ begonnen.

ngIRCd 0.0.3, 16.01.2002

  - Server-Links vollstaendig implementiert: der ngIRCd kann nun auch
    "Sub-Server" haben, also sowohl als Leaf-Node als auch Hub in einem
    IRC-Netzwerk arbeiten.
  - WHOIS wird nun immer an den "Original-Server" weitergeleitet.
  - Parser handhabt Leerzeichen zw. Parametern nun etwas "lockerer".
  - Kommandozeilen-Parser: Debug- und No-Daemon-Modus, Hilfe.
  - ngIRCd wandelt sich nun in einen Daemon (Hintergrundprozess) um.
  - neue Befehle: LUSERS, LINKS.

ngIRCd 0.0.2, 06.01.2002

  - neuer Aufbau der Konfigurationsdatei,
  - mehrere IRC-Operatoren koennen konfiguriert werden,
  - Server-Links teilweise implementiert. Bisher kann der ngIRCd jedoch
    nur "leafed server" sein, d.h. keine "Client-Server" haben.

ngIRCd 0.0.1, 31.12.2001

  - erste oeffentliche Version von ngIRCd als "public preview" :-)


-- 
$Id: NEWS,v 1.88 2008/02/26 22:05:42 fw Exp $